The spectrum study of blood pressure during the disturbance of organic vascular beds

Abstract

Like electrical circuit components, the vascular beds in organs present impedance to waves in systemic circulation. In this study, the authors design an animal experiment to study the effect of the impedance to the pressure waves. We view the systemic circulation as an electrical circuit network, and interpret the vascular beds in organs as lumped components in the electrical circuit. Nature's designing of the systemic circulation minimizes the pressure wave reflection, and maximizes blood distribution. This is very similar to the concept adopted by electrical engineers in designing electrical circuits.     

Accurate Volume Measurement System for Plutonium Nitrate Solution

Abstract

An accurate volume measurement system for a large amount of plutonium nitrate solution stored in a reprocessing or a conversion plant has been developed at the Plutonium Conversion Development Facility (PCDF) in the Power Reactor and Nuclear Fuel Development Corp. (PNC) Tokai Works. A pair of differential digital quartz pressure transducers is utilized in the volume measurement system. To obtain high accuracy, it is important that the non-linearity of the transducer is minimized within the measurement range, the zero point is stabilized, and the damping property of the pneumatic line is designed to minimize pressure oscillation. The accuracy of the pressure measurement can always be within 2 Pa with re-calibration once a year. In the PCDF, the overall uncertainty of the volume measurement has been evaluated to be within 0.2%. This system has been successfully applied to the Japanese government's and IAEA's routine inspection since 1984.     

GISAXS analysis of Ge nanoparticles embedded ZnO thin films: The effect of oxygen partial pressure and thermal process on the nanostructured aggregations

Ge nanoparticles embedded in ZnO thin films (synthesized on p-type Si substrates) were investigated to explore their potential usage possibilities as diodes for opto-electronic devices and photovoltaics, thin-film transistors, and solar cells. Nano scale structural details under the effect of different gas pressure of O₂ may include some hints to understand and develop structure-property correlations of the focused type materials. With this purpose, GISAXS (Grazing-incidence small-angle X–ray scattering) was used for 3D structural analysis of the films according to the thermal process (Rapid Thermal Annealing: RTA and Absence of Thermal Effect: AS-MADE) and O₂ partial pressure during the deposition of ZnO matrix.As a result of the study, it may be said that size and shape controlled growth processes are possible for these types of films. Especially, increase in pressure indicates orthogonal like prismatic morphology at 1 mTorr, cylindrical at 3 mTorr and more compact spherical formation at 5 mTorr. That way, morphology controlled nanoscale growth can be achieved by changing the oxygen partial pressure for the oxide matrices. On the other hand, size of the nano aggregations decreases with increased partial pressure for both of RTA processed and AS-MADE samples. Decreasing ratio in the size of AS-MADE sample is bigger than that of RTA samples.     

Realization of direct flow control with load pressure compensation on a load control valve applied in overrunning load hydraulic systems

This paper presents the realization of direct proportional flow control with load pressure compensation feature on a LCV (load control valve). Proportional flow control performance means the flow through the LCV is proportional to the pilot pressure in the control stroke. Proportional flow control decides the overrunning load lowering speed control performance of the whole system. The load pressure compensation feature means when the load pressure is too high, the flow of the LCV can be restricted about the maximum rated flow. The load pressure compensation feature is important to the safety of the system. That is because large flow means undesired fast lowering speed, which will cause accident in applications, especially those large mass overrunning load systems. In this paper, the flow control performance was simulated and the parameter relationship of the orifices was derived, which is the base for the optimizing of the compensation orifice. In addition, load pressure compensation feature was simulated and the compensation orifice size was optimized. Finally, an LCV built according to above methods was tested on a test rig. Experiment data validates the methods presented and the realization of direct flow control with load pressure compensation feature gives guidance for the direct flow control performance development of other valves.     

自动喷水灭火系统湿式报警阀组误报案例引发的思考

通过对一起自动喷水灭火系统湿式报警阀组误报案例的研究,分析了误报发生的原因,提出了防止误报应采取的措施,并对修改完善有关消防技术标准提出建议。     

Interlaminar stress analysis in general thick composite cylinder subjected to nonuniform distributed radial pressure

Interlaminar stresses in thick a composite cylinder with general layer stacking subjected to uniform and nonuniform distributed radial pressure are studied. The layerwise theory of Reddy is employed for formulation of the problem. An analytical method is presented for solving the governing equations. To increase accuracy, interlaminar stresses are obtained by integrating the equilibrium equation of elasticity. After a convergence study, the accuracy of the layerwise laminate theory is investigated using the predictions of finite element method. Predictions of Hooke's law and integration method for interlaminar stresses are compared. Uniform and nonuniform internal and external loads are considered and a parametric study is done for various cylinders.     

Dummy humanoid robot simulating several trunk postures and abdominal shapes – Report of element technologies

Development of clothing in consideration of the shape and body function of a person with spinal cord injury is an important task. Then, a dummy robot with a deformation mechanism was developed in this study for evaluating the comfortable level of clothings. Specifically, a trunk joint mechanism and an abdominal mechanism that can realize various deformations of the abdominal area and various trunk poses were developed. The trunk joint mechanism was implemented in order to simulate the seated posture of persons with spinal cord injury. The abdominal deformation mechanism was implemented using linear actuators and rotating servomotors in order to simulate abdominal obesity of persons with spinal cord injury. Further, a tactile sensor system was developed for measuring the clothing pressure on the abdominal area and evaluating the comfort or discomfort of clothing.     

抽水蓄能电站巴氏合金上导轴瓦损坏原因分析

由于冷却油供油路中出油不均匀,使得油槽中存在大量漩涡或空气,造成轴瓦上半部分的油膜无法形成或形成不均匀,从而在运行过程中产生了油膜压力波动。同时,由于轴瓦轴向摆动的灵活性较差,轴瓦上半部分与滑转子间隙较小,轴瓦只有上半部分与滑转子接触,致使轴瓦表面单位面积受力过大。上述两种原因造成的瓦面上半部分应力幅值增加,使轴瓦产生了疲劳破坏。为此,利用光学显微镜和直读光谱仪对轴瓦巴氏合金的组织和成分进行了分析,在此基础上,提出了适宜的改进措施。实践表明,轴瓦金相组织中再无区域性偏析、聚集和组织分层现象出现,Cu6Sn5分布均匀,Sn Sb未发生区域性偏析,组织形貌与两种硬相Sn Sb和Cu6Sn5的总量符合要求。通过对轴瓦衬垫结构进行改进,使得轴瓦摆动的灵活性加大,轴瓦和滑转子之间形成了稳定的油膜,从而使轴瓦受力均匀,运行平稳。     

The Internal Pressure Test in Experiment and Simulation—Influence of the Wall Thickness Variation and the Change of the Packaging Behavior after the Impact of Standard Liquids

The effect of the wall thickness variation of blow‐moulded bodies made of high‐density polyethylene on an internal pressure test after prestoring the packaging with standard liquids was evaluated in experiments and simulations. The objects of the investigation were jerrycans used for the transportation and storage of dangerous goods. The wall thickness was determined using two alternative methods to the magnetostatic measurement. These alternative methods are used for research purpose to get a volumetric model of the jerrycan wall as a geometric model for the simulation. The comparison of the experiments and the simulations of the internal pressure test were performed using the digital image correlation method. The integral strain and deformation of the whole jerrycan was detected by measuring the total mass of the jerrycan being filled with water during the internal pressure test. This is a suitable alternative to the optical measurements of local deformation by the digital image correlation method. Prestorage at 40 °C without the influence of chemicals strengthens the jerrycan, whereas the swelling effect of butyl acetate and hydrocarbon mixture softens the jerrycan. The comparison with the experiment is necessary to verify the accuracy of the simulation. It shows that the deformation can be simulated more precisely by using the actual measured geometry. The weakening of the high‐density polyethylene caused by a hydrocarbon mixture can be simulated using the Arrhenius equation. The aim of the simulation was to discover whether it is possible to use specimens to predict the behaviour of a packaging both after the influence of standard liquids. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Assessment of Applicability of Two-Fluid Model Code ACE-3D to Heat Transfer Test of Supercritical Water Flowing in an Annular Channel

A supercritical-water-cooled reactor (SCWR) is a high-temperature, high-pressure water cooled reactor that operates above the critical pressure of water. In order to perform efficiently the thermal design of the SCWR, it is important to assess the thermal hydraulics in rod bundles of the core. Experimental conditions of mockup tests, however, may be limited because of technical and financial reasons. Therefore, it is required to establish an analytical design technique that can extrapolate experimental data to various design conditions of the reactor. Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) has improved the three-dimensional two-fluid model analysis code ACE-3D, which was originally developed for the two-phase flow thermal hydraulics of light water reactors, to handle the thermal hydraulic properties of water in the supercritical region. In the present study, heat transfer experiments of supercritical water flowing in a vertical annular channel around a heater pin, which were performed at JAEA, were analyzed with the improved ACE-3D to assess the prediction performance of the code. As a result, it was implied that the ACE-3D code is applicable to the prediction of wall temperatures of a single rod that simulates the fuel bundle geometry of the SCWR core.